Development of a scale to gain insight into the experience of living with chronic heart failure: The UNAV-Experience of Living with Chronic Heart Failure Scale.

BACKGROUND: To date, there are no tools for the nursing staff to gain systematic insight on the experience lived by patients with chronic heart failure. The objective of this study was to develop a scale for this purpose. METHODS: The study was conducted between January 2018 and December 2020 in three Spanish hospitals. The process described by DeVellis was used for the development of the scale. The items were built based on a phenomenological study and a systematic review of the literature. Next, feedback from a panel of experts was obtained, the scale was administered to a sample of patients with chronic heart failure, and a cognitive interview and an observational study were conducted to create the final version of the scale. RESULTS: The first version of the scale had in seven domains and 76 items. After its evaluation by a panel of experts, it was reduced to a second version with six domains and 55 items. Following the administration of Version 2 to 17 patients (58.8% male, mean age 59.53, 70.6% classified as NYHA functional class II), five items were modified and two eliminated. Thus, the third version of the UNAV-CHF Experience Scale was composed of six domains and 53 items. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the development of the UNAV-experience of living with chronic heart failure scale. It is an original and novel instrument that allows systematically explore this experience. A larger-scale study is necessary to confirm the validity of our scale.

Definition and clinical management of haemodialysis central venous catheter local infections (exit site and tunnel infection): An international consensus assessment.

AIM: To evaluate the relevance of signs and symptoms for the clinical identification of ESI and TI in HD-CVC, by means of international expert consensus, and to reach a consensus on a definition and clinical management (CM) for these infections. BACKGROUND: A recent systematic review showed a high heterogeneity in the signs/symptoms used for determining exit site infection (ESI) and tunnel infection (TI) of haemodialysis central venous catheter (HD-CVC). DESIGN: A modified Delphi ranking process was carried out between November 2020 and March 2021, consisting of four rounds using an online questionnaire with a panel of 26 experts from 12 countries. METHODS: Experts responded on the level of relevance for the identification of ESI and TI, based on a list of 22 signs/symptoms obtained from a previous systematic review, using a 4-point Likert-type scale. After reaching consensus on the signs/symptoms, they followed the same method to reach consensus on the CM. The STROBE Checklist was used to report this study. RESULTS: A high degree of consensus was reached to identify the presence of ESI based on nine signs/symptoms: presence of pain at the exit site (ES) during interdialysis period, with fever ≥38°C do not suspect other cause, local signs at the ES (inflammation, induration, swelling, hyperemia/erythema ≥2 cm from ES) and obvious abscess or purulent exudate at ES; and of TI. Likewise, 5 cm were agreed upon. CONCLUSION: This Delphi study provides international expert consensus definitions of ESI and TI in HD-CVC, laying the groundwork for the validation of an HD-CVC ES clinical assessment scale for early identification of ESI. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: In addition, this study provides a series of attitudes to consensual clinics regarding signs/symptoms of local infections in HD-CVC, which may be useful as expert opinion in clinical practice guidelines, when there is insufficient scientific evidence.

[Protocolo para la evaluación de una intervención de alfabetización en salud sobre morbimortalidad y calidad de vida en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca.] / Protocol for the evaluation of an efficacy of a health literacy intervention in decreasing mortality, morbidity and improving the quality of life of patients with heart failure.

OBJECTIVE: Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that impairs the ability to achieve proper filling or ejection, in which patients have typical symptoms and signs. It is a major Public Health problem with a high incidence and prevalence associated with high morbidity and mortality. The management of the patient with HF is complex, requiring in its treatment the work of specialized multidisciplinary teams in which the management of cardiac-healthy habits and self-care will play a leading role. Knowing the health literacy (HL) level of patients is a fundamental piece that will help us to provide a holistic attention, based on individual needs, promoting in this way the empowerment of the patient. Our aim will be to evaluate the effectiveness of an HL intervention for improving quality of life and decreasing morbidity/mortality. METHODS: A two-arm randomized controlled clinical trial will be conducted, with concealment of randomization. Patients with diagnosis of HF attended in cardiology and internal medicine consultations of 5 hospitals in Spain will be included.

OBJETIVO: La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) es un síndrome clínico complejo con una sintomatología bien definida que constituye un problema de Salud Pública por su impacto en la morbi-mortalidad. El manejo del paciente con IC requiere el trabajo de equipos especializados multidisciplinares que enfaticen en los hábitos cardiovasculares y el autocuidado. Conocer el grado alfabetización en salud (AeS) de estos pacientes es una buena herramienta para prestarles una atención holística, basada en necesidades individuales, así como para fomentar su empoderamiento. Se ha diseñado un protocolo con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia de una intervención en AeS en la mejora de su calidad de vida, así como en la disminución de la morbi/mortalidad. METODOS: Se llevará a cabo un estudio clínico controlado aleatorio a dos brazos multicéntrico, con ocultación del reparto aleatorio. Se incluirán pacientes con diagnóstico de IC atendidos en consultas de cardiología y medicina interna de cinco hospitales de España.

Eficacia del apósito de gluconato de clorhexidina sobre las infecciones relacionadas con el catéter de hemodiálisis / Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Gluconate Dressing on Catheter-Related Infections in Hemodialysis

Introducción: El uso de catéteres venosos centrales para hemodiálisis se relaciona con un mayor desarrollo de complicaciones infecciosas, por lo que las Guías de Práctica Clínica recomiendan diferentes estrategias para disminuir dichas complicaciones, sin indicación clara sobre el apósito a utilizar en la cura del orificio de salida. Objetivo: Comparar la tasa de infecciones relacionadas con el catéter de dos pautas de cura del orificio de salida del catéter venoso central de hemodiálisis: apósito con gluconato de clorhexidina al 2% frente a clorhexidina en solución al 2%, cubierta con apósito de poliuretano semipermeable autoadhesivo. Material y Método: Estudio experimental, controlado, aleatorizado en pacientes en hemodiálisis a través de catéter venoso central para comparar dos pautas de cura, grupo control: clorhexidina en solución al 2% cubierta con apósito de poliuretano semipermeable autoadhesivo y grupo intervención: apósito con gluconato de clorhexidina al 2%. Se recogieron datos socioclínicos y relacionados con las complicaciones infecciosas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial.. Resultados: Se estudiaron 50 pacientes, 25 en cada grupo. El grupo intervención presentó dos infecciones del orificio de salida y el grupo control, presentó doce casos (OR: 0,176, IC 95%: 0,039-0,790; p=0,013). El grupo intervención presentó un caso de bacteriemia frente a dos episodios del grupo control (OR: 0,533, IC 95%: 0,048-5,892; p=ns). Conclusión: La cura con apósito con gluconato de clorhexidina al 2% es una medida protectora frente a la infección del orificio de salida en comparación con la cura con clorhexidina en solución al 2% y apósito de poliuretano. (AU)

Introduction: The use of central venous catheters for hemodialysis is associated with a higher incidence of infectious complications, leading Clinical Practice Guidelines to recommend various strategies to reduce such complications, with no clear indication of the dressing to use for catheter exit site care. Objectives: To compare the infection rate related to the catheter exit site using two different protocols: dressing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate versus 2% chlorhexidine solution, both covered with self-adhesive semi-permeable polyurethane dressing for central venous catheters used in hemodialysis. Material and Method: An experimental, controlled, randomized study was conducted in hemodialysis patients with central venous catheters to compare two care protocols. The control group received a 2% chlorhexidine solution covered with a self-adhesive semi-permeable polyurethane dressing, while the intervention group received a dressing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate. Socio-clinical and infection-related data were collected, and descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. Results: A total of 50 patients were studied, with 25 in each group. The intervention group had two exit site infections, while the control group had twelve cases (OR: 0.176, 95% CI: 0.039-0.790; p=0.013). The intervention group had one case of bacteremia compared to two cases in the control group (OR: 0.533, 95% CI: 0.048-5.892; p=ns). Conclusion: Dressing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate is a protective measure against exit site infection compared to dressing with 2% chlorhexidine solution and polyurethane dressing. (AU)

Impact of Hospitalization of People With Dementia or Cognitive Impairment on Family Caregivers.

People with dementia (PWD) have a higher risk of hospitalization than people without dementia. Hospitalizations are stressful events for PWD and their caregivers, representing a considerable change to their routines. The current descriptive longitudinal study aimed to identify the positive and negative reactions, experiences related to health and social integrated care, resource use, and work status of family caregivers of PWD or cognitive impairment admitted to the hospital with a proximal femur fracture undergoing surgery. Findings indicated that family caregivers (N = 174) are fully committed to providing assistance in activities of daily living and supervision, showing positive attitudes on self-esteem and negative attitudes toward lack of family support and impact on finances, schedule, and health. Overall caregiver experiences with integrated health and social care improved after hospitalization but decreased after discharge. One month after hospitalization, family caregivers maintained the same work hours but used fewer health care resources. Hospitalization represents a good opportunity to approach family caregivers and determine their needs to provide them with interventions to minimize their burden and improve their well-being. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 16(6), 283-290.].

Protocolo para la evaluación de una intervención de alfabetización en salud sobre morbimortalidad y calidad de vida en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca / Protocol for the evaluation of an efficacy of a health literacy intervention in decreasing mortality, morbidity and improving the quality of life of patients with heart failure

Fuandamentos: La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) es un síndrome clínico complejo con una sintomatología bien definida que constituye un problema de Salud Pública por su impacto en la morbi-mortalidad. El manejo del paciente con IC requiere el trabajo de equiposespecializados multidisciplinares que enfaticen en los hábitos cardiovasculares y el autocuidado. Conocer el grado alfabetización ensalud (AeS) de estos pacientes es una buena herramienta para prestarles una atención holística, basada en necesidades individuales,así como para fomentar su empoderamiento. Se ha diseñado un protocolo con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia de una intervenciónen AeS en la mejora de su calidad de vida, así como en la disminución de la morbi/mortalidad. Métodos: Se llevará a cabo un estudio clínico controlado aleatorio a dos brazos multicéntrico, con ocultación del reparto aleatorio.Se incluirán pacientes con diagnóstico de IC atendidos en consultas de cardiología y medicina interna de cinco hospitales de España.(AU)

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that impairs the ability to achieve proper filling or ejection, inwhich patients have typical symptoms and signs. It is a major Public Health problem with a high incidence and prevalence associatedwith high morbidity and mortality. The management of the patient with HF is complex, requiring in its treatment the work of specialized multidisciplinary teams in which the management of cardiac-healthy habits and self-care will play a leading role. Knowingthe health literacy (HL) level of patients is a fundamental piece that will help us to provide a holistic attention, based on individualneeds, promoting in this way the empowerment of the patient. Our aim will be to evaluate the effectiveness of an HL intervention forimproving quality of life and decreasing morbidity/mortality.Methods: A two-arm randomized controlled clinical trial will be conducted, with concealment of randomization. Patients with diagnosis of HF attended in cardiology and internal medicine consultations of 5 hospitals in Spain will be included.(AU)

Early identification of local infections in central venous catheters for hemodialysis: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The use of central venous catheters (CVC) is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, related to infectious complications, contributing to poorer clinical outcomes and increased healthcare costs. According to the literature, the incidence of local infections related to CVC for hemodialysis is highly variable. This variability is related to differences in definitions of catheter-related infections. OBJECTIVE: To identify signs and symptoms for determining local infections (exit site and tunnel tract infections) used in the literature in tunnelled and nontunnelled CVC for hemodialysis. DESIGN: Systematic review METHODS: Structured electronic searches were conducted in five electronic databases, from 1 January 2000-31 August 2022, using key words and specific vocabulary, as well as manual searches in several journals. Additionally, vascular access clinical guidelines and infection control clinical guidelines were reviewed. RESULTS: After validity analysis, we selected 40 studies and seven clinical guidelines. The definitions of exit site infection and tunnel infection used in the different studies were heterogeneous. Among the studies, seven (17,5 %) used the definitions of exit site and tunnel infection based on a clinical practice guideline. Three of the studies (7.5 %) used the Twardowski scale definition of exit site infection or a modification. The remaining 30 studies (75 %) used different combinations of signs and symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Definitions of local CVC infections are highly heterogeneous in the revised literature. It is necessary to establish a consensus regarding the definitions of hemodialysis CVC exit site and tunnel infections. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42022351097).

Mapeo de la percepción individual y del entorno organizacional para la práctica clínica basada en la evidencia entre enfermeras renales en España / Mapping of individual perception and the organizational environment for evidence-based clinical practice among renal nurses in Spain

Objetivo: Analizar la percepción de las enfermeras renales en España en relación con el entorno organizacional para la práctica clínica basada en la evidencia (PCBE); y determinar qué factores profesionales y del contexto influyen en esta percepción. Material y Método: Estudio observacional transversal multicéntrico, en 15 servicios de nefrología de distintos hospitales en España y 2 centros de diálisis. Se utilizaron los instrumentos Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) y Evidence Based Practice Questionnarie (EBPQ). Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo, bivariado (ANOVA, Kruskall-Wallis), y regresión logística con la puntuación total del EBPQ como variable dependiente.Resultados: Se recibieron 397 encuestas (participación 84,28%), tras depuración encuestas, fueron válidas 382 (81,1% población): 82,7% mujeres, edad media 42 años, media de experiencia profesional como enfermera 18,2 años (12,2 años en nefrología), 94,8% clínicas, 81,9% de hemodiálisis. Puntuación media PES-NWI 62,35±15,10 (IC 95%: 60,78-48,06). Presentaron menores puntuaciones en algunos factores del PES-NWI las enfermeras de centros >500 enfermeras, que trabajan en hemodiálisis y >11 años de experien-cia profesional. Las enfermeras gestoras presentaron mayores puntuaciones en todos los factores del PES-NWI. Puntuación media EBPQ 81,05±21,92 (IC 95%: 78,70-83,4). Presentaron mayores puntuaciones en varios factores del EBPQ las enfermeras con menor experiencia profesional, mejor puntuación en PES-NWI y que poseían estudios de postgrado.Conclusiones: Los factores que más influyen en la percepción de las enfermeras renales en España son la experiencia profesional, el rol dentro de la organización, un contexto favorable y la formación de postgrado.(AU)

Objective: To analyze the perception of renal nurses in Spain regarding the organizational environment for evidence-based clinical practice (EBCP), and to determine what professional and context factors influence such perception.Material and Method: A crosssectional observational multicenter study was carried out in 15 nephrology services from different Spanish hospitals and 2 dialysis centers. The Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) and Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ) tools were used. A descriptive, bivariate statistical analysis (ANOVA, Kruskall-Wallis) and logistic regression were performed with the EBPQ total score as the dependent variable.Results: A total of 397 surveys were received (participation rate: 84.28%), and after processing the surveys 382 were valid (81.1% of the population): 82.7% were women, with a mean age of 42 years, a mean of 18.2 years of professional experience as a nurse (12.2 years in nephrology), 94.8% were clinical nurses, and 81.9% worked in hemodialysis. The average PES-NWI score was 62.35±15.10 (95% CI:60.78-48.06). Nurses in centers with more than 500 nurses, those who worked in hemodialysis, and those with more than 11 years of professional experience had lower scores on some PES-NWI factors. Nurse managers had higher scores in all PES-NWI factors. The average EBPQ score was 81.05±21.92 (95% CI:78.70-83.4). Nurses with less professional experience the better PES-NWI scores; also, postgraduate nurses had higher scores on several EBPQ factors. Conclusions: Factors that most influence the perception of Spanish renal nurses are professional experience, role within the organization, a favorable context, and postgraduate education.(AU)

Efficacy of the therapeutic use of video games on the depressive state of stroke patients: Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: To assess the effects of virtual reality (VR) on the depressive state of patients with stroke admitted to neuro-rehabilitation units. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. METHODS: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) focusing on the effects of virtual reality on depressive state as a primary outcome will be included. Grey literature and the following databases will be consulted: PubMed, Cinahl, PsycInfo, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The recently revised Cochrane risk of bias tool will be used to assess the quality of included studies. Data will be extracted and meta-analyses will be performed within the specific condition of the emotional state of stroke patients admitted to neurorehabilitation units. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses will be used to identify effective modes and patterns of therapy delivery. The approach of assessment, development and evaluation of recommendations will be applied to reach a convincing conclusion. DISCUSSION: An accurate, transparent and standardized review process is expected to provide recommendations on the use of VR technology in the healthcare of stroke patients. IMPACT: Emotional difficulties are common after stroke and have an impact on rehabilitation outcome. VR seems to have an important role in the treatment and depression in neurological patients, as it is able to improve levels of well-being, coping strategies and social relationships. The systematic review may contribute to a more convincing and specific conclusion compared to existing studies of this type. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Systematic review registration: CRD42022303968.

Preventing nipple pain/trauma in breastfeeding women: a best practice implementation project at the Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (Spain).

OBJECTIVES: To assess compliance with recommendations to alleviate nipple pain and/or trauma (NPT) and to reduce the rate of breastfeeding abandonment for this reason. INTRODUCTION: As a fundamental priority, health programmes encourage mothers to breastfeed exclusively for the first 6 months of the baby's life and to supplement breast milk with other foods up to the age of 2 years. However, the presence of NPT can reduce or prevent compliance with this recommendation. METHODS: The project was designed and carried out using a framework based on the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (JBI-PACES). Six audit criteria were used in preaudits and postaudits to observe any changes in compliance with the recommendations. Between audits, the Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) tool was used to identify stakeholders, barriers and facilitators of the project. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty-seven breastfeeding women were studied in the baseline phase and 275 during follow-up. Compliance in four criteria improved, and the rates of NPT decreased (pain: from 63.3 to 53.5%; P  = 0.02; trauma: from 37.8 to 24.7%; P  = 0.01). The proportion of women advised by qualified personnel increased from 63 to 88% whereas those who cited pain as the reason for abandoning exclusive breastfeeding decreased from 1.5 to 1.1%. CONCLUSION: This evidence-based implementation project achieved significantly improved compliance rates in most of the evidence-based criteria considered. In consequence, the prevalence of NPT fell significantly. Nevertheless, there was no significant impact on the proportion of mothers abandoning breastfeeding for this reason.

Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones de la herida quirúrgica en el trasplante renal / Risk factors for the development of surgical wound complications in renal transplantation

Introducción: Las complicaciones quirúrgicas suponen un riesgo para el paciente tras el trasplante renal, siendo diver-sos los posibles factores de riesgo implicados. Objetivo: Determinar qué factores de riesgo contribuyen a la aparición de complicaciones de la herida quirúrgica en pa-cientes sometidos a un trasplante renal.Material y Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en pa-cientes trasplantados renales desde enero 2018 a diciembre 2021. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y clínicos del donante y del receptor. Se analizó la incidencia de infección y dehiscencia de la herida quirúrgica y sus factores de riesgo.Resultados: Presentaron infección el 13,5% de los pacien-tes y dehiscencia el 15,9% de la muestra, siendo pacientes con más edad (61,71±9,81 años frente a 56,56±11,88 años; p=0,030), con mayor tasa de sobrepeso según su IMC (42,9% frente 19,6%; p=0,046) y una mayor comorbilidad asociada (3,07±1,54 frente a 2,23±1,38 puntos; p=0,003). De los pa-cientes con infección, el 53,6% presentó, además, dehiscen-cia superficial de la herida. El exudado apareció en el 90,9% de los casos que desarrollaron una dehiscencia frente al 12,1% de los pacientes que no sufrieron dicha complicación (p<0,001).Conclusiones: La infección y la dehiscencia son complicacio-nes frecuentes tras el TR. La edad, el sobrepeso, comorbili-dad alta y el exudado son factores de riesgo para desarrollar complicaciones de la herida quirúrgica tras el trasplante renal. (AU)

Introduction: Surgical complications are a risk for the patient after kidney transplantation, with several possible risk factors involved. Objective:To determine which risk factors contribute to the development of surgical wound complications in renal trans-plant patients.Material and Method:Retrospective cohort study in renal transplant patients from January 2018 to December 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from the donor and recipient. The incidence of surgical wound infec-tion and dehiscence, and risk factors were analysed.Results: 13.5% of the patients presented infection and 15.9% dehiscence, being older patients (61.71±9.81 years versus 56.56±11.88 years; p=0.030), with a higher rate of overwei-ght according to BMI (42.9% versus 19.6%; p=0.046) and a higher associated comorbidity (3.07±1.54 versus 2.23±1.38; p=0.003). Of the patients with infection, 53.6% also had su-perficial wound dehiscence. Exudate appeared in 90.9% of the cases who developed dehiscence compared to 12.1% of the patients who did not suffer such a complication (p<0.001).Conclusions: Infection and dehiscence are frequent compli-cations after renal transplantation. Age, overweight, high co-morbidity and exudate are risk factors for developing surgical wound complications after renal transplantation. (AU)

Profile of Patients with Dementia or Cognitive Impairment Hospitalized with a Proximal Femur Fracture Requiring Surgery.

This study reports the characteristics of patients with dementia or cognitive impairment hospitalized with a proximal femur fracture requiring surgery. METHODS: Multicentric descriptive longitudinal study conducted in three traumatology units, representing high-technology public hospitals across Spain. Data collection took place between August 2018 and December 2019 upon admission to hospital, discharge, one month and three months after discharge. RESULTS: Study participants (n = 174) were mainly women (81.6%), and the mean age was 90.7± 6.3 years old. Significant statistical differences were noted in the decline of functional capacity at baseline and one month later, and after three months they had still not recovered. Malnutrition increased from baseline to the one-month follow-up. The use of physical restraints increased during hospitalization, especially bilateral bedrails and a belt in the chair/bed. After one month, 15.2% of patients had pressure ulcers. Although pain decreased, it was still present after three months. CONCLUSION: Hospitalization after hip surgery for elderly people with dementia or cognitive impairment negatively impacted their global health outcomes such as malnutrition and the development of pressure ulcers, falls, functional impairment and the use of physical restraints and pain management challenges. Hospitals should implement policy-makers' strategic dementia care plans to improve their outcomes.

Validity of a catheter exit site clinical assessment scale for the early detection of exit site infections in patients on haemodialysis with a central venous catheter: protocol for a multicentre validation study in Spain (EXITA Study).

INTRODUCTION: Haemodialysis patients with central venous catheter (HD-CVC) are at increased risk of exit site infections (ESIs) and catheter-related bloodstream infections, causing an increase of hospitalisation, morbidity and mortality rates. The main aim of the EXITA Study is to develop and validate an instrument for the early detection of HD-CVC ESIs. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: EXITA is a multicentre prospective cohort study to validate the proposed instrument with a sample of 457 HD-CVCs: 92 in the ESI group and 365 in the non-ESI group. Sample size was calculated using Epidat V.4.2 software, with 95% and 90% expected sensitivity and specificity, respectively, an ESI incidence around 20% and 5%-10% precision range. During each haemodialysis session, the absence or presence of each item will be assessed by nurses. If any item is present, a microbiological study of pericatheter skin smears and/or exit site exudate will be carried out. HD-CVC ESI will be diagnosed when the pericatheter skin smears and/or exit site exudate culture are positive (≥15 CFU/mL by semiquantitative Maki's technique or ≥1000 CFU/mL by Cleri's technique). To validate the scale, a logistic regression analysis will be performed: the ß coefficients of each of the signs/symptoms of the scale to be validated will be estimated. We will use logit function and calculate ESI probability=elogit ESI/1+elogit ESI. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee with Medical Products of Cantabria (approval code 2019.146). We will obtain informed consent from all participants before data collection. We will publish the study results in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

Hemodiálisis extendida frente a convencional o hemodiafiltración en línea. Estudio comparativo de necesidad de heparina y coagulación del sistema / Extended hemodialysis versus conventional or online hemodiafiltration. Comparative study of the need for heparin and coagulation of the system

Introducción: La reciente aparición de membranas de corte medio ofrece una alternativa para la eliminación de moléculas medianas y nueva terapia dialítica, la hemodiálisis expandida. Estas membranas se caracterizan por un mayor tamaño de poro que podría afectar a la eliminación de la heparina utilizada durante las sesiones de hemodiálisis.Objetivo:Determinar si existen diferencias en la necesidad de heparina y el estado de coagulación del sistema y dializador según técnica dialítica empleada.Material y Método:Estudio cuasiexperimental en pacientes en hemodiálisis con dos periodos de estudio, en el primero, el paciente realizó hemodiálisis convencional o hemodiafiltración y en el segundo, hemodiálisis expandida con membranas de corte medio.Resultados:El dializador quedó parcialmente coagulado en el 10,3% de las sesiones de hemodiálisis expandida frente al 19,1% de las sesiones de hemodiálisis y el 11,4% de hemodiafiltración (p=0,011).Conclusiones: La hemodiálisis expandida ofrece mejor estado de coagulación final del sistema y dializador que otras membranas. (AU)

Introduction: The recent emergence of medium-cut membranes offers an alternative for the removal of medium-sized molecules and new dialytic therapy, expanded hemodialysis. These membranes are characterised by a larger pore size that could affect the removal of heparin used during hemodialysis sessions.Objective:To determine whether there are differences in the need for heparin and the coagulation status of the system and dialyser according to dialysis technique.Material and Method:Quasi-experimental study in hemodialysis patients with two study periods, in the first, the patient received conventional hemodialysis or hemodiafiltration and in the second, expanded hemodialysis with medium-cut membranes.Results:The dialyser was partially clotted in 10.3% of expanded hemodialysis sessions compared to 19.1% of conventional hemodialysis sessions and 11.4% of haemodiafiltration sessions (p=0.011).Conclusions:Expanded hemodialysis offers better final coagulation status of the system and dialyser than other membranes. (AU)

Multimodal intervention for preventing peripheral intravenous catheter failure in adults (PREBACP): a multicentre, cluster-randomised, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: 2 billion peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC) are inserted into inpatients worldwide each year. Almost one in two PIVCs fail before completion of intravenous therapy. We aimed to determine the efficacy and costs of a multimodal intervention to reduce PIVC failure among hospitalised patients. METHODS: PREBACP was a cluster-randomised, controlled trial done at seven public hospitals in Spain. Clusters (hospital wards) had at least 70% permanent staff and data were collected from patients aged 18 years and older with one or more PIVCs at the start of intravenous therapy. Clusters were randomly assigned (1:1) to the multimodal intervention or control group using a centralised, web-based randomisation software, and stratified by type of setting. We concealed randomisation to allocation, without masking patients or professionals to the intervention. An intervention using a multimodal model and dissemination of protocols, education for health-care professionals and patients, and feedback on performance was implemented for 12 months in the intervention group. The control group received usual care. The primary outcome was all-cause PIVC failure at 12 months (phlebitis, extravasation, obstruction, or infections). Subsequently, through an amendment to the protocol approved on July 25, 2021, we included dislodgement as part of PIVC failure. Analysis was by modified intention to treat, which included all randomly assigned hospital wards for whom data on the primary endpoint were available. This trial is registered with the ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN10438530. FINDINGS: Between Jan 1, 2019, and March 1, 2020, we randomly assigned 22 eligible clusters to receive the multimodal intervention (n=11 clusters; 2196 patients, 2235 PIVCs, and 131 nurses) or usual practice in the control group (n=11 clusters; 2282 patients, 2330 PIVCs, and 138 nurses). At 12 months, the proportion of PIVC failures was lower in the intervention group than in the control group (37·10% [SD 1·32], HR 0·81 [95% CI 0·72 to 0·92] vs 46·49% [2·59], HR 1·23 [1·04 to 1·39]; mean difference -9·39% [95% CI -11·22 to -7·57]; p<0·0001). Per-protocol-prespecified analysis of the primary outcome excluding dislodgement also showed the intervention significantly reduced PIVC failure compared with the control group at 12 months (33·47% [SD 2·98], HR 0·85 [95% CI 0·75 to 0·96] vs 41·06% [4·62], HR 1·18 [1·04 to 1·33]; mean difference -7·59% [95% CI -11·05 to -4·13]; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION: A multimodal intervention reduced PIVC failure, thereby reducing potentially serious complications for hospitalised patients. The findings of PREBACP enabled a deeper understanding of decision making, knowledge mobilisation, and sense making in routine clinical practice. FUNDING: The College of Nurses of the Balearic Islands. TRANSLATION: For the Spanish translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Vacuna contra el SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) y enfermedad renal crónica / SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (COVID-19) and chronic kidney disease

La literatura más reciente indica que la enfermedad renal crónica constituye la comorbilidad con mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad grave por SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Muchas sociedades científicas se han posicionado a favor de la vacunación de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica como prioritaria, debido a esta alta vulnerabilidad. En España, la quinta actualización de la Estrategia de vacunación frente a COVID-19 del Consejo Interterritorial de Salud, incluyó a los pacientes con ERC dentro del grupo 7 (personas con condiciones de muy alto riesgo). A lo largo del artículo se describen los tipos de vacunas según mecanismo de acción, las vacunas actualmente aprobadas por la Agencia Europea del Medicamento (EMA) y todo lo relacionado con el proceso de vacunación (preparación, administración y seguimiento), además de los aspectos a tener en cuenta en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica. (AU)

The most recent evidence indicates that chronic kidney disease is the comorbidity with the highest risk of developing severe disease due to SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Many scientific societies have advocated for vaccination of patients with chronic kidney disease as a priority, due to this high vulnerability. In Spain, the fifth update of the COVID-19 vaccination strategy published by the Interterritorial Health Council included CKD patients in group 7 (people with very high-risk conditions). This manuscript describes the types of vaccines according to mechanism of action, the vaccines currently approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and information related to the vaccination process (preparation, administration and follow-up), as well as aspects to be taken into account in patients with CKD. (AU)

Grado de incumplimiento terapéutico en función del nivel de alfabetización en salud en pacientes en hemodiálisis / Degree of non-compliance with treatment as a function of health literacy level in haemodialysis patients

Introducción: El paciente en hemodiálisis está sometido a un régimen terapéutico cuya adherencia contribuye a disminuir la aparición de complicaciones asociadas. El incumplimiento terapéutico es un problema prevalente en la práctica clínica. Bajos niveles de alfabetización en salud se relacionan con falta de autocuidados, errores en la toma de medicaciones y dificultad para entender instrucciones, lo que trae consigo una mayor tasa de incumplimiento terapéutico.Objetivo:Conocer el grado de incumplimiento terapéutico en función del grado de alfabetización en salud de los pacientes sometidos a HD y valorar otros posibles factores implicados.Material y Método:Estudio prospectivo en 35 pacientes en programa de hemodiálisis. La alfabetización en salud se valoró con el cuestionario Health Literacy Survey European Union y el grado de incumplimiento terapéutico mediante la ganancia de peso interdialítica e indicadores analíticos, según recomendaciones de guías clínicas.Resultados:Los pacientes con nivel de alfabetización adecuada (≥34 puntos) presentaron menor incumplimiento terapéutico que pacientes con alfabetización inadecuada en relación con la ganancia de peso interdialítica (78% vs 70%), potasio (67% vs 56%), albúmina (83% vs 72%) pero mayor IT con el fósforo (83,33% vs 51,44%) -p<0,05 en todos los casos-.Conclusiones:Los pacientes con mayor nivel de alfabetización en salud tienen un menor grado de incumplimiento terapéutico, a excepción del fósforo, que es el parámetro con peor tasa de adherencia. (AU)

Introduction: Haemodialysis patients are subject to a therapeutic regimen whose adherence helps to reduce the occurrence of associated complications. Non-compliance is a prevalent problem in clinical practice. Low levels of health literacy are associated with lack of self-care, errors in taking medications and difficulty in understanding instructions, leading to a higher rate of non-compliance.Objective:To determine the level of non-compliance with treatment according to the level of health literacy of haemodialysis patients and to assess other possible factors involved.Material and Method:Prospective study of 35 haemodialysis patients. Health literacy was assessed using the Health Literacy Survey European Union questionnaire and the degree of therapeutic non-compliance was assessed using interdialytic weight gain and analytical indicators, according to the recommendations of clinical guidelines.Results:Patients with adequate literacy (≥34 points) had lower non-compliance than patients with inadequate literacy in relation to interdialytic weight gain (78% vs 70%), potassium (67% vs 56%), albumin (83% vs 72%); but higher non-compliance with phosphorus (83.33% vs 51.44%) - p<0.05 in all cases.Conclusions:Patients with a higher level of health literacy have a lower degree of non-compliance, except for phosphorus, which is the parameter with the worst adherence rate. (AU)

Análisis de la influencia del cuidador principal en el estado nutricional del paciente en hemodiálisis / Analysis of the influence of the primary caregiver in the nutritional status of the patient on hemodialysis

INTRODUCCIÓN: La población que se encuentra en tratamiento renal sustitutivo con hemodiálisis sufre frecuentemente cierto grado de desnutrición calórico-proteica debido a las restricciones dietéticas y la mala elección de alimentos. Esta desnutrición unida a la inflamación repercute en su calidad de vida e incrementa su mortalidad. OBJETIVOS: Determinar el estado nutricional de los pacientes en tratamiento con hemodiálisis y su relación con quién elabora su comida. Comprobar la relación entre el grado de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones terapéuticas y su estado nutricional. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio transversal y descriptivo en una población de pacientes en hemodiálisis hospitalaria. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, antecedentes clínicos, resultados analíticos y antropométricos. El estado nutricional se valoró mediante la escala MIS. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial de las variables a estudio. RESULTADOS: El grado de desnutrición se situó en el 32,4%(n=34). No se encontró ninguna significación estadística entre el estado nutricional y el cuidador principal. Pese a que el 76,5% refirió seguir las recomendaciones dietéticas, tan solo un 44% tenía unos valores séricos de potasio adecuados y el 34,7% cumplía con la ganancia de peso interdialítica recomendada. CONCLUSIONES: La desnutrición sigue siendo un problema frecuente en las unidades de hemodiálisis. Se deben tomar medidas para reducirla, ya sea con acciones educacionales sobre alimentación o incluso valorar el uso de suplementos dietéticos. Enfermería debe seguir reforzando las recomendaciones dietéticas para que ese cumplimiento referido por nuestros pacientes pueda objetivarse y verse reflejado en sus resultados analíticos

INTRODUCTION: People undergoing renal replacement therapy for hemodialysis frequently suffer a certain degree of caloric-protein malnutrition due to dietary restrictions and poor food choices. Malnutrition together with inflammation affects quality of life and increases mortality. OBJECTIVES: To determine the nutritional status of patients on hemodialysis and the relationship with who cooks the food. To establish the relationship between the degree of compliance with the therapeutic recommendations and the nutritional status. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross-sectional and descriptive study in a population of patients on hospital hemodialysis. Sociodemographic data, clinical history, analytical and anthropometric results were collected. Nutritional status was assessed using the MIS scale. A descriptive and inferential analysis of the variables under study was carried out. RESULTS: The degree of malnutrition was 32.4% (n = 34). No significant difference was found between nutritional status and the main caregiver. Although 76.5% reported following the dietary recommendations, only 44% had adequate serum potassium values and 34.7% met the recommended inter-dialytic weight gain. CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition continues to be a frequent problem in hemodialysis units. Measures should be taken to reduce this problem, either with educational actions on nutrition or even evaluating the use of dietary supplements. Nursing must continue to reinforce dietary recommendations so that compliance referred by patients can be objectified and reflected in the analytical results

Influencia del proceso educativo en la consulta de ERCA sobre la elección de tratamiento renal sustitutivo / Influence of the educational process in the ACKD consultation on the choice of renal replacement therapy

INTRODUCCIÓN: La finalidad de las consultas de Enfermedad Renal Crónica es potenciar los autocuidados y autonomía del paciente. El proceso de información y elección de tratamiento renal sustitutivo en estos pacientes es un aspecto clave para su tratamiento. OBJETIVO: Determinar si el tipo de proceso educativo que recibe el paciente en la consulta ERCA influye sobre la opción de tratamiento renal sustitutivo elegida. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes seguidos en consulta de Enfermedad Renal Crónica en el periodo 2015-2020. Se recogieron datos clínicos y sociodemográficos de la historia clínica del paciente, opción terapéutica elegida por el paciente y proceso educativo recibido (sólo nefrólogo o equipo multidisciplinar: nefrólogo y enfermera). RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 294 pacientes candidatos a tratamiento renal sustitutivo. El 51% de la muestra optó por hemodiálisis en centro como la opción más frecuente. Los pacientes que fueron educados por el equipo multidisciplinar presentan tasas de elección de hemodiálisis de 36,4% y de tratamiento conservador del 18,2% frente al 56,7% y 5,1% respectivamente, del grupo informado sólo por el nefrólogo (p < 0,01). CONCLUSIONES: La hemodiálisis en centro es la opción más frecuente entre los pacientes. Cuando el paciente recibe un proceso informativo estructurado, sistemático y multidisciplinar la elección de las diferentes opciones tiende a equilibrarse y el tratamiento conservador es considerado una opción alternativa

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the Chronic Kidney Disease consultations is to enhance the patient's self-care and autonomy. The process of information and choice of renal replacement therapy in these patients is a key aspect for their treatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine if the type of educational process that the patient receives in ACKD consultation influences the choice of the type of renal replacement treatment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective observational study in patients followed up in ACKD consultation in the period 2015-2020. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected from the patient's medical history as well as the therapeutic option chosen by the patient and the educational process received (only nephrologist or multidisciplinary team: nephrologist and nurse). RESULTS: 294 patients who were candidates for renal replacement therapy were included. 51% of the sample chose in-centre haemodialysis as the most frequent option. The patients who were educated by a multidisciplinary team chose haemodialysis in 36.4% and conservative treatment in 18.2% versus 56.7% and 5.1% respectively, for the group that was informed by only the nephrologist (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In-centre haemodialysis is the most frequent option among patients. When the patient receives a structured, systematic and multidisciplinary information process, the choice between the different options tends to balance out and conservative treatment is considered an alternative option

Care of older people with Cognitive Impairment or Dementia Hospitalized in Traumatology Units (CARExDEM): a quasi-experiment.

BACKGROUND: In our context, as in other European countries, care of patients with cognitive disorders or dementia still represents a major challenge in hospital settings. Thus, there is a need to ensure quality and continuity of care, avoiding preventable readmissions, which involve an increase in public expenses. Healthcare professionals need to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to care for hospitalized patients with cognitive disorders and dementia. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design with repeated observations, taken at baseline, post-intervention, and at one and three months post-intervention, in people hospitalized with cognitive disorders or dementia. The study will be carried out in four general hospitals in Spain and will include 430 PwD and their caregivers. The intervention was previously developed using the Balance of Care methodology where nurses, physicians, social workers and informal caregivers identified the best practices for this specific care situation. We aim to personalize the intervention, as recommended in the literature. The study has an innovative approach that includes new technologies and previous scientific evidence. Valid, reliable instruments will be used to measure the intervention outcomes. Quality of care and comorbidity will be analyzed based on the use of restraints and psychotropic medication, pain control, falls, functional capacity and days of hospitalization. Continuity of care will be measured based on post-discharge emergency hospital visits, visits to specialists, cost, and inter-sectorial communication among healthcare professionals and informal caregivers. Statistical analysis will be performed to analyze the effect of the intervention on quality of care, comorbidity and continuity of care for patients with dementia. DISCUSSION: Our aim is to helping healthcare professionals to improve the management of cognitive disorders or dementia care during hospitalization and the quality of care, comorbidity and continuity of care in patients with dementia and their informal caregivers. Moving towards dementia-friendly environments is vital to achieving the optimum care outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered in Clinical Trials. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04048980 retrospectively registered on the 6th August 2019. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ Protocol Record HCB/2017/0499. SPONSOR: Hospital Clinic Barcelona.